Key Technical Documents  
   
 
  Advancing the Science of Natural and Enhanced Attenuation for Chlorinated Solvents -- Final Technical Document for the Monitored Natural Attenuation and Enhanced Attenuation for Chlorinated Solvents Project
   
  Description: The U.S. Department of Energyfunded Monitored Natural Attenuation and Enhanced Attenuation for Chlorinated Solvents Project began in early 2004. This report is a culmination of the three-year effort by the project team (the Technical Working Group and the 14 research teams). The objective of this document is to provide a summary of the major contributions of this project to the advance of natural attenuation based remedies for chlorinated solvents. The intended audience for this summary document includes state and federal regulators, stakeholders, and environmental managers, as well as environmental technology professionals. This document introduces the concepts of mass balance, sustainability, and enhanced attenuation and identifies technical contributions to support their use in natural attenuation remedies. We have attempted to provide references to both project documents and pertinent publications in the open literature for those readers who would like more technical details.
   
 

Report ID:WSRC-STI-2006-00337 final.pdf

   
 

Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) and Enhanced Passive Remediation (EPR) for chlorinated solvents

The Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored an initiative to facilitate efficient, effective and responsible use of Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) and Enhanced Passive Remediation (EPR) for chlorinated solvents. This Office of Environmental Management (EM) “Alternative Project,” focuses on providing scientific and policy support for MNA/EPR. The initial product of the technical working group was a summary report that articulated the conceptual approach and central scientific tenants of the project, and that identified a prioritized listing of technical targets for field research. This report documented the process in which: 1) scientific ground rules were developed, 2) lines of inquiry were identified and then critically evaluated, 3) promising applied reseach topics were highlighted in the various lines of inquiry, and 4) these were discussed and prioritized. The summary report serves as a resource to guide management and decisionmaking throughout the period of the subject MNA/EPR Alternative Project. The series of supplemental documents present the full texts from the technical analyses within the various lines of inquiry (see listing below).

Report ID:

Summary Report: Natural and Passive Remediation of Chlorinated Solvents: Critical Evaluation of Science and Technology Targets, WSRC-TR-2003-00328 This is the baseline document that describes the conceptual approach and central scientific tenants in which the project would invest its resources.

Supplemental documents:
Baseline Natural Attenuation Processes: Lines of Inquiry Supporting Monitored Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents, WSRC-TR-2003-00329 Supporting document to WSRC-TR-2003-00328 that documents the project team’s evaluation of the state of the science of baseline natural attenuation processes.

Multiple Lines of Evidence Supporting Natural Attenuation: Lines of Inquiry Supporting Monitored Natural Attenuation and Enhanced Passive Remediation of Chlorinated Solvents, WSRC-TR-2003-00331 Supporting document to WSRC-TR- 2003-00328 that documents the project team’s evaluation of the state of the science for the lines of evidence for supporting decisionmaking for MNA.

Potential Enhancements to the Characterization and Monitoring of Natural Attenuation: Lines of Inquiry Supporting Monitored Natural Attenuation and Enhanced Passive Remediation of Chlorinated Solvents, WSRC-TR-2003-00332 Supporting document to WSRC-TR-2003-00328 that documents the project team’s evaluation of the state of the science of the characterization and monitoring process and tools.

Historical and Retrospective Survey of Monitored Natural Attenuation: A Line of Inquiry Supporting Monitored Natural Attenuation and Enhanced Passive Remediation of Chlorinated Solvents, WSRC-TR-2003-00333 Supporting document to WSRC-TR-2003-00328 that documents the results of a survey of site owners with chlorinated solvent plumes to assess, using a retrospective survey, what has worked and where there are barriers to implementation.

 
     
  Three technical reports were written by the Technical Working Team. Each document explored one of the three main areas investigated by the team. The three areas are: mass balance, enhanced attenuation, and characterization and monitoring as it supports attenuation based remedies. These reports are described below.  
     
 
  Mass Balance: A Key to Advancing Monitored and Enhanced Attenuation for Chlorinated Solvents
   
  Description: This technical report provides the technical basis for the mass balance concept. The concept of a mass balance between the loading and attenuation of contaminants in a groundwater system is a powerful framework for conceptualizing and documenting the relative stability of a contaminant plume. As a result, the concept has significant potential to support appropriate implementation of MNA and EA. The objective of this report is to demonstrate that a mass balance paradigm is a powerful framework that provides information and the technical basis for attenuation based remedies. This is accomplished by examining the contributions and significance of various components of the mass balance and by providing an initial assessment of promising development areas.
   
 

Report ID: WSRC-STI-2006-00082_Rev0.pdf

 
     
 
  Enhanced Attenuation: A Reference Guide on Approaches to Increase the Natural Treatment Capacity of a System
   
  Description: This technical report explores the realm of enhancements to natural attenuation processes for cVOCs and reviews examples that have been proposed, modeled, and implemented. Included is a definition, how enhanced attenuation (EA) fits into the spectrum of remediation strategies for chlorinated solvents, and descriptions of various technology classes that can be designed as an EA treatment.
   
 

Report ID:WSRC-STI-2006-00083 Rev1.pdf

 
     
 
  Characterization and Monitoring of Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Ground Water: A Systems Approach
   
  Description: This technical report describes a phased approach to characterizing and monitoring (C&M) natural attenuation processes and enhanced attenuation processes and to identify promising tools and techniques by which to accomplish the C&M. Developing techniques, as well as traditional tools used in non-traditional applications will be examined. Case studies provide examples of how non-traditional methods are being employed as C&M tools to support MNA and EA.
   
 

Report ID: WSRC-STI-2006-00084_Rev1.pdf

   
 

Case Study Documents

  Enhancements to Natural Attenuation:  Selected Case Studies
 

Description:  This document provides examples of technologies that may be deployed using the Enhanced Attenuation (EA) strategy.  Because the concept of EA is new, the technical team was not able to find examples that fully illustrate technologies being designed, constructed, and monitored using the EA paradigm.  The case studies selected do provide evidence, though it may be of short duration in comparison with the life of the treatment, of the likelihood of sustainable attenuation mechanisms that will enable the contaminant plumes to shrink with time.  The technologies included in this document are: engineered covers, biostimulation/bioaugmentation, permeable reactive barriers, and constructed wetlands.

   
 

Report ID:  WSRC-STI-2007-00250.pdf - pending